4.2无转化体系
>>>>4.2.1基因的时空表达模式
>>>>4.2.2建立瞬时转化体系
通过瞬时转化体系得到的实验结果,可以作为基因功能研究的一个辅助,还需要其他的数据支撑。下面伯小远就以不同的植物组织形态、部位、侵染方式来分享一下瞬时转化技术吧。
4.2.2.1 愈伤
图2 PpbHLH64在梨愈伤组织中的功能分析 (Tao et al. 2020)。(A)梨愈伤组织中花青素的积累,OE为过表达实验组,RNAi为干扰实验组;(B)A中梨愈伤组织中PpbHLH64基因的相对表达量;(C)A中梨愈伤组织的花青素含量。
4.2.2.2 悬浮细胞
图5 PEG3350的浓度对小苍兰原生质体转化效率的影响 (Shan et al. 2019)。
图6 在小苍兰原生质体中进行的亚细胞定位实验 (Shan et al. 2019)。
图7 在小苍兰原生质体中进行的BiFC实验 (Shan et al. 2019)。此实验目的是为了验证FhGL3L蛋白可以二聚化。
图12 由发根农杆菌介导的荔枝转化 (Qin et al. 2021)。由叶盘诱导出的愈伤(A)及其荧光图像(B),由茎段导出的愈伤(C)及其荧光图像(D),由叶片诱导出的毛状根(E)及其荧光图像(F),由茎段诱导出的毛状根(G)及其荧光图像(H),检测转基因毛状根中的基因(I),显示位于Ri质粒上但不在T-DNA上的VirD基因不存在于毛状根中,其他T-DNA上的eGFP、hptII基因均存在,负责毛根分化的rolB基因也存在。
图13 对油松、青海云杉、丽江云杉的下胚轴进行农杆菌介导的瞬时转化后的检测 (Liu et al. 2020)。
图14 对两种大麻品种的下胚轴进行瞬时转化并检测 (Zaldívar-Cruz et al. 2003)。
图18 干扰草莓果实的CHS基因及对照 (Hoffmann et al. 2006)。为了干扰草莓果实中的CHS基因(查耳酮合酶基因,与色素合成有关),构建了发夹干扰载体,通过瞬时转化体系注射入授粉14天后仍生长在植株上的果实,约10-14天后,果实上形成了白色区域(a、d),分别注射3次将收获几乎全白的果实(b、e),而注射空载则与正常果实一样(c、f)。
图19 在猕猴桃A. arguta RB-4瞬时过表达AaPG18基因 (Li et al. 2022)。(A)注射pBI121-AaPG18的果实一侧变红;(B)注射空载体的果实一侧没有变化;(C)qRT-PCR检测的结果显示注射后(A)果实中的AaPG18基因表达量升高。
图20 在番茄中瞬时过表达VvSK基因以抑制果实成熟 (Zeng et al. 2020)。葡萄的VvSK基因在浆果转色后期强烈表达。(a)将35S:VvSK7-GFP注射到开花后12天的番茄果实中,4天后进行观察;(b)qRT-PCR检测VvSK基因的转录水平;(c)番茄果实硬度的测量。
图21 在不同的真空压力下,对瞬时转化的GUS基因表达情况进行检测 (Lv et al. 2019)。(a-d)为四种不同的苹果品种。
图23 ThDof1.4介导的生理生化分析 (Zang et al. 2017)。图中OX指瞬时过表达ThDof1.4,Con指瞬时转入空载作为对照组,KD指瞬时干扰ThDof1.4。(A)NBT、DAB、Evans blue染色;(B-G)检测不同瞬时转化材料胁迫处理后MDA含量、POD活性、SOD活性、电解质渗漏、脯氨酸含量、叶绿素含量。
图24 检测过表达BpNAC090和BpMADS11基因的植株中,受这两个基因影响的相关基因的表达情况 (Jia et al. 2022)。图中OE指稳定转化BpNAC090和BpMADS11基因,TE指瞬时转化BpNAC090和BpMADS11基因。
图25 在油棕中瞬时表达GFP (Kadir et al. 2007)。携带GFP的微粒轰击油棕的愈伤组织(a)和未成熟合子(b)。
图26 荧光蛋白在玉米中的瞬时和稳定表达模式 (Daniel et al. 2012)。共聚焦激光扫描显微镜图像显示近轴表皮细胞中ZmXYLT-mRFP(A)的瞬时表达、ZmROP7-mTFP的瞬时表达(B)和ZmPDI-YFP的稳定(C)和瞬时(D-F)表达。
图27 微粒轰击大麦叶片进行瞬时转化 (Dong et al. 2012)。
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